Food as Medicine: Expert Explains How Nutrition Impacts Health and Disease Prevention

The Role of Food in Health

From promoting wellness to managing chronic diseases, food serves many roles in health care. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is one of the primary ways food is used to treat and manage a range of conditions.

According to a 2023 study, MNT is an evidence-based approach that uses nutrition to treat or manage diseases. It involves a thorough assessment of nutritional status, a nutritional diagnosis, dietary adjustments, counselling, and specialised nutrition therapies, all provided by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) or another nutrition professional.

“MNT can be effective in controlling metabolic syndrome, which includes factors like high blood sugar, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and abdominal obesity,” said Dr Selvi. It also plays a role in managing various gastrointestinal disorders, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, food intolerances, food allergies, and more.

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Conditions Treated by Medical Nutrition Therapy

Some of the most common conditions where nutrition plays a pivotal role include:

Gastric Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A common ailment in today’s fast-paced world, GERD can be exacerbated by certain foods. A diet that limits fat, salt, and spices is advised. Fried foods, fast foods, processed snacks, spicy foods, red meats, and sweets should be avoided. A 2023 review of 13 studies found that diets high in ultra-processed foods were associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly colon and breast cancer.

On the other hand, high-fibre foods like whole grains, green leafy vegetables, and moderate amounts of nuts can help manage symptoms and promote healing.

Diabetes

Proper nutrition can help control blood sugar levels. Foods like whole grains, pulses, and vegetables (excluding starchy roots like potatoes and yams) should be prioritised. Reduced consumption of saturated fats, such as butter, ghee, and coconut oil, along with high-fibre foods, helps maintain healthy lipid profiles and weight.

“Replacing refined carbohydrates with complex carbs and incorporating pulses and seasonal fruits (about 100-200 grams daily) into the diet can support glucose regulation and overall metabolic health,” added Dr Selvi.

Weight Management and Hormonal Balance

A diet rich in natural, unprocessed foods, such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, and minimal use of cooking oils promotes healthy weight and hormonal balance. Managing body weight effectively influences blood pressure, blood glucose, and other vital metrics, contributing to overall health.

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Addressing Nutrient Deficiencies

“Many individuals suffer from deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals like vitamins B1, B2, D, E, B12, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and Omega-3 fatty acids. These deficiencies can be corrected through a balanced diet rich in the necessary nutrients,” said Dr Selvi. For example, vitamin C-rich fruits (like lemon, amla, and mosambi) and colourful vegetables improve immunity and overall health. Specific foods are also used to treat deficiencies and enhance various body functions, from bone health to immune response.

Food as Preventive Medicine

Food is not just a remedy for illness; it’s also crucial for preventing diseases. A balanced, natural diet can help lower the risk of chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Eating a variety of whole foods, including unprocessed grains, pulses, vegetables, and leafy greens, ensures we get the nutrients we need for long-term physical, mental, and emotional health. The key is to focus on healthy eating habits rather than obsessing over restrictive diets or calorie counting.

Enhancing Wellness Through Balanced Eating

Food is a preventive medicine. “It improves nutrition security, supports food safety, and plays an active role in the treatment of specific conditions. For example, in children, certain foods are used to manage conditions like seizures. By reducing excess salt, sugar, and processed foods in our diets, we can prevent a wide range of health issues,” said Dr Selvi. Moreover, developing healthy eating habits from childhood and choosing natural, balanced foods over processed options can help improve overall wellness and prevent discomfort or disease in the future.

The Importance of Avoiding Processed Foods

To maintain health and reduce inflammation, it’s crucial to limit the consumption of processed foods rich in oils, salts, and preservatives. These additives contribute to inflammation and may exacerbate conditions, such as arthritis and other chronic illnesses. Making thoughtful food choices can greatly lower the risk of developing various health issues.

Bottomline

Dr Selvi concluded, “Food is more than just fuel for the body; it’s a form of medicine that affects every part of our health, our heart, lungs, digestive system, skin, and even mental well-being. By choosing a balanced, natural diet, we can prevent diseases and improve our overall health. It’s important to focus on healthy eating habits and lifestyle choices, rather than short-term diets or counting calories. When used wisely, food can be one of the most powerful tools for better health.”

[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]